Requirements

Let's dive into designing a core part of a food ordering system, similar to Swiggy or Zomato. We will focus on the restaurant order management system. Imagine you are building this from scratch. The system should efficiently handle incoming orders, manage restaurant menus, track order status, and manage delivery assignments. We are abstracting away the UI/UX and focusing purely on the back-end logic related to order fulfillment and restaurant operations. This problem is about crafting a robust, scalable, and maintainable code base, reflecting deep understanding of object-oriented principles and design patterns. # Requirements ## Functional Requirements 1. **Restaurant Onboarding:** * Allow restaurants to register on the platform with details like name, address, cuisine types, operating hours, contact information. * A restaurant should be able to manage its menu (add, update, delete items) with details like name, description, price, availability, and category (e.g., Appetizer, Main Course, Dessert). * Restaurants can specify their service area(s). 2. **Order Placement:** * Simulate order placement to a specific restaurant. * Each order should contain multiple items with corresponding quantities. * The system must validate order against menu (item existence, availability). * Calculate total order amount based on menu prices and quantities. 3. **Order Management:** * Track order status: Received, Accepted, Preparing, Ready for Pickup, Out for Delivery, Delivered, Cancelled. * Allow restaurants to update the order status. * Maintain an order history for each restaurant. * Implement order cancellation functionality (with possible restrictions based on order status - e.g., cannot cancel if "Out for Delivery"). * Implement notifications for restaurants when new orders arrive and when status changes happen. 4. **Delivery Management:** * A simplified delivery partner system. Assume we have DeliveryPartner objects. * Automatically assign available delivery partners to "Ready for Pickup" orders based on proximity (this can be a simplified distance calculation). * Track delivery partner's current order and location. 5. **Reporting:** * Generate basic reports for restaurants like total orders received in a day, top selling items, and revenue generated. ## Non-Functional Requirements 1. **Thread Safety:** The system must handle concurrent requests from multiple restaurants and users without data corruption or race conditions. Focus on concurrency issues around order management and status updates. 2. **Extensibility:** The design should be easily extensible to accommodate new features such as: * Different pricing strategies (e.g., dynamic pricing). * Support for different payment gateways. * More sophisticated delivery partner assignment algorithms. * Integration with third-party services (e.g., inventory management systems). 3. **Modularity:** The system should be composed of loosely coupled modules with well-defined interfaces. This promotes code reusability and simplifies maintenance. 4. **Testability:** The code should be designed to be easily testable, with clear separation of concerns and minimal dependencies. Favor dependency injection. 5. **Maintainability:** Code should be well-documented, easy to understand, and adhere to coding standards. SOLID principles should be evident. 6. **Performance:** While not a high-level design problem, optimize data structures and algorithms for efficient order processing and retrieval. Consider how data structures affect performance in concurrent scenarios. ## Core Entities 1. **Restaurant:** Represents a restaurant registered on the platform. Attributes include name, address, cuisine types, menu, operating hours, service areas. 2. **MenuItem:** Represents an item on a restaurant's menu. Attributes include name, description, price, category, availability. 3. **Order:** Represents a customer order placed at a restaurant. Attributes include order ID, restaurant, list of order items, order status, total amount, timestamp. 4. **OrderItem:** Represents a specific item and quantity within an order. Attributes include menu item, quantity. 5. **OrderStatus:** An enum representing the current status of an order (Received, Accepted, Preparing, Ready for Pickup, Out for Delivery, Delivered, Cancelled). 6. **DeliveryPartner:** Represents a delivery partner. Attributes include ID, current location, assigned order (can be null). 7. **Menu:** Represents the menu of a restaurant, contains a list of MenuItems. 8. **NotificationService:** Interface to send notifications, potentially with different implementations (SMS, Email, Push).

Design the Food Ordering System like Swiggy/Zomato.

Requirements

Interview Simulation

Functional Requirements

💡 Interview Tip

Non-Functional Requirements

Core Entity Identification

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